name | Amanita cinctipes |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Corner & Bas |
english name | "Belted Ringless Amanita" |
images | |
intro | The following is based on the original description (Corner and Bas 1962). |
cap | The cap of A. cinctipes is 45 - 120 mm wide and eventually planoconvex with a depressed center. Its margin is striate for about 30% of its radius. Its center is a very dark reddish brown to gray-brown, and it is paler (pale gray-brown to mouse-gray) toward the margin. The cap's flesh is white. The volval remnants are gray to gray-brown pyramidal warts about 4-10 mm wide and 1-2.5 mm high. |
gills | The gills of this species are free, crowded, white to grayish. These occur at the rate of about 65-127 per cap. The free edge of the gills may may be gray-brown. The short gills occur at the rate of 0-1 (-3) between each adjacent pare of regular gills. |
stem | The stem is 90 - 200 × 8 - 15 mm, pale or dark grayish to grayish brown, paler at the top, with contrasting (darker) fibrillose scales arranged somewhat in bands and mostly near the base, although above the remnants of volval tissue. These remnants are made up of one or two dark uneven rings and (below the rings) a pallid cup enclosing the base of the stem. There is no skirt-like ring (annulus) on the stem. The volva is easily breakable, but not strictly powdery. |
odor/taste | not recorded. |
spores | The spores measure (in dried specimens) 8.2 - 11.1 7times; 7.8 - 10.1 μm and are globose to subglobose and inamyloid. Clamps were not found anywhere in the fruiting bodies of the type. Spores from fresh material were reported to measure 9 - 11 μm in diameter, although it is doubtful that they were truly spherical. |
discussion |
This taxon was reported from Malaya and Singapore in the original description. Little is known of the ecology except that the collections were made in areas simply called "jungle." Corner noted, "Monkeys were observed to eat this species without discomfort." The authors expressed concern over the amount of variability recorded in Corner's watercolors of the present species. They considered it "a pity" that there are no voucher specimens corresponding to the watercolors—so that they could test the hypothetical breadth of variation of habit in the present species. The authors noted that the spores were notably smaller than those of A. ceciliae (Berk. and Broome) Bas, despite the obvious macroscopic similarities between that mushroom and A. cinctipes. |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita cinctipes | ||||||||
author | Corner & Bas. 1962. Persoonia 2: 299, pl. 12(b-c), fig. 6. | ||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||
english name | "Belted Ringless Amanita" | ||||||||
etymology | cinctus "girdle" + pes "foot"; referring to the dark ring of universal veil material left near the base of the stipe in nearly all specimens | ||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 326089 | ||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | L | ||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is derived entirely from the protolog of the present taxon. | ||||||||
pileus | from protolog: 45 - 120 mm wide, mouse gray to pale grayish brown, darker, grayish brown to fuliginous umber at center, becoming plano-convex with depressed center; context white, 3 - 4 mm thick over stipe, thinning to membrane toward margin; margin sulcate-striate (0.25 - 0.35R); universal veil gray to grayish brown, as scattered floccose patches 4 - 10 mm wide or floccose pyramidal warts 1 - 2.5 mm high. | ||||||||
lamellae | from protolog: free, crowded, with 65 - 127 primaries, 3 - 11 mm wide, white to grayish, with or without gray-brown edge; lamellulae truncate, with 0 - 1 (-3) between each pair of otherwise adjacent lamellae. | ||||||||
stipe | from protolog: 90 - 200 mm × 8 - 15 mm, entirely pale or dark grayish to grayish brown, paler near apex, with darker, appressed, fibrillose scales, often forming incomplete transverse zones, especially in lower part, rather fragile; context hollow; exannulate; universal veil with 2 - 4 dark grayish blown floccose rings encircling stipe near base often broken into warts or scales. | ||||||||
odor/taste | not recorded. | ||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none reported. | ||||||||
pileipellis | from protolog: suprapellis entirely gelatinized, about 25 µm thick; subpellis about 25 µm thick; filamentous hyphae radially oriented, thin in suprapellis, quickly increasing in diameter downward. | ||||||||
pileus context | not described. | ||||||||
lamella trama | from protolog: hard to analyze in dried material. | ||||||||
subhymenium | from protolog: rather thin, densely ramose with irregular small cells, without globose cells. | ||||||||
basidia | from protolog: 40 - 50 × 12 - 15 µm, 4-sterigmate, with sterigmata 5 µm long; no clamps observed. | ||||||||
universal veil | from protolog: On pileus: filamentous hyphae 2 - 5 µm wide ; inflated cells globose to ellipsoid, terminal, up to 60 µm wide, with umber sap. On stipe base: as on pileus, but with more hyphae, with parts away from surface less pigmented, and inflated cells sometimes in short chains. | ||||||||
stipe context | from protolog: longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous hyphae not described; acrophysalides up to 250 × 45 µm; vascular hyphae up to 18 µm wide and especially present near surface of central cylinder. | ||||||||
partial veil | absent | ||||||||
lamella edge tissue | from protolog; no inflated cells observed. | ||||||||
basidiospores | from protolog: [-/-/-] 8.7 - 11.5 × 7.9 - 10.1 μm, (Q = 1.0 - 1.15; Q = 1.10), hyaline, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, globose to subglobose; apiculus proportionately "rather small"; contents mono- or multiguttulate; color in deposit not reported. | ||||||||
ecology | from protolog: "Terrestrial in jungle. Probably common in lowland forest in Malaysia and Singapore." | ||||||||
material examined | from protolog: SINGAPORE: Botanic Gardens, Gardens' Jungle, 19.iii.1931 E. J. H. Corner s.n. (holotype, L), viii.1939 E. J. H. Corner s.n. (paratype, L), 16.viii.1940 (paratype, L, watercolor drawing only); Mandai Rd. forest, 20.viii.1939 E. J. H. Corner s.n. (paratype, L); Reservoir Jungle 6.xii.1940 E. J. H. Corner s.n. (paratype, L, watercolor drawing only). | ||||||||
discussion |
from protolog: "This species is very close, perhaps too close to [A. ceciliae (Berk. & Broome) Bas] from Europe. However, at present it seems preferable to keep it apart on account of (i) the smaller spores and basidia (8 - 11 × 8 - 10 µm and 40 - 50 × 12 - 15 µm against those of [A. ceciliae] (10-) 11 - 13 (-22) × 10 - 12.5 (-21) µm and 60 -80 × 16 - 18 µm; the occurrence of very large spores of [A. ceciliae] is due to 2-spored and 1- spored basidia), (ii) the absence of an umbo on the pileus, (iii) a more delicate habit, (iv) a tendency of the volva to form small pyramidal warts on the pileus, and (v) a slightly different color of the pileus; the beautiful yellowish brown tints in older specimens of [A. ceciliae] seem to lack entirely in the more grayish A. cinctipes. "In all of the many Dutch collections of [A. ceciliae] studied, the fruit-bodies appear to be considerably stouter than those of A. cinctipes. This cannot be said of the American specimens of [A. ceciliae] depicted by Peck (1900: pl. 44 fig. 1 - 10, as Amanitopsis strangulate) and the Japanese ones by Imazeki & Hongo (1957: pl. 18 fig. 100), but it still has to be proved that these specimens are conspecific with the European [A. ceciliae], especially those of Peck. However, all authors consulted, agree that the size of the spores of [A. ceciliae] is larger than 10 µm and usually exceeds 11 µm which is in accordance with our observations. "Judging from the watercolor drawings, A. cinctipes. varies considerably. The type collection is most similar to Pl. 12c. Especially in this case it is a pity that the specimens depicted have not been preserved, so that one has to rely on the senior author’s observations in the field for the conclusion that both forms depicted are really conspecific." [Note: In RET's view the eastern North American taxon is distinct from both A. ceciliae and A. cinctipes—see A. rhacopus. See also the following text and sporograph comparisons. The name "Amanita inaurata" has been updated to "A. ceciliae," which is accepted as correct on this site.—ed.] In addition to the exsiccatum and watercolors that comprise the original material of this species, the authors reported the records of siting this species in the Bukit Timah Forest Reserve (Singapore) and on Gunong Panti, Johor, Malaysia. Tulloss (2005b) observed an apparent tendency in some sections for spores size to be smaller in lowland tropical forest as compared to temperate and tropical alpine forests. Since the taxa of the proposed series Ceciliae have a general tendency to be rather large, the following question is of interest: Despite the relatively large size of the present species' spores compared to the spores of many other taxa from tropical lowland forest, are these spores significantly different in size in comparison to the spores of other species in the proposed series? The following figures provides a sporograph comparison for the taxa considered to belong in the series. It is interesting to note that, of the group with most nearly globose spores [the series excluding the rather disimilar A. antillana (known from the Caribbean region)], the present species (the only one known from lowland tropical forest) quite clearly has the smallest spores. | ||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||
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name | Amanita cinctipes |
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name | Amanita cinctipes |
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Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.