name | Amanita eucalypti |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | O. K. Mill. |
english name | "Thick-Limbed Death Cap" |
images | |
intro | The following description is based on Miller (1992). |
cap | The cap of Amanita eucalypti is 40 - 65 mm wide, broadly convex to nearly planar in age, smooth, glabrous, brown, sometimes darker brown, with a nonstriate and nonappendiculate margin. The volva is present as a single, thin, white volval patch on the center. The flesh is firm, white, and unchanging. |
gills | The gills are subdistant, adnate, white. The short gills are approximately one for every full length gills. |
stem | The stem is 60 - 160 (-180) × (4-) 7 - 24 mm, narrowing upward, white with loose fibrils. The volva is present as pronounced, thick, free limbs up to 20 mm high at the top of the bulb. The ring is persistent, apical, skirt-like with a striate upper surface. The bulb is 18 - 33 mm, moderately deeply rooting with a nearly pointed base. The flesh is firm, white, and unchanging. |
odor/taste | There is no distinct odor. |
spores | The spores measure 8 - 12 × 6 - 7.5 (-8.5) µm and are ellipsoid to elongate to cylindric and strongly amyloid. Clamps are absent at bases of basidia. |
discussion |
Originally described from the state of Western Australia where it occurs partially buried under Eucalyptus, Allocasuarina, and at one site near Mediterranean Pinus. The volval limb is extraordinarily thick for a species of section Phalloideae and very much suggests the sort of limb one sees in section Amidella. On the other hand, the accompanying photograph does not clearly show either the termination of the stem within the bulb or a continuation of the stem beyond the point of attachment of the volva. The absence of a definitive indication that the stem is totally elongating and inserted within a thick volval sac means there are no grounds to disagree with the interpretation of Miller that the species should be placed in the Phalloideae. However, comparison of the protolog with recent photographs (shown on this page) indicate that revision of this species may be necessary.—R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita eucalypti | ||||||||
author | O. K. Mill. 1992a ["1991"]. Canad. J. Bot. 69: 2699, figs. 31-33, 48, 49. | ||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||
english name | "Thick-Limbed Death Cap" | ||||||||
etymology | genitive of the name Eucalyptus; hence, "of Eucalyptus" or "belonging to Eucalyptus" | ||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 358172 | ||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | PERTH; isotype, VPI | ||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is drawn entirely from the protolog of the present species. from protolog: Basidiome medium-sized. | ||||||||
pileus | from protolog: 40 - 65 mm wide, brown (5D4-6), sometimes darker brown (5E5-6), broadly convex to nearly plane in age, smooth, glabrous; context firm, white, unchanging when bruised; margin nonstriate; universal veil as large, usually single, thin, white patch over disc. | ||||||||
lamellae | from protolog: adnate, subdistant, white,yellowing (5A3-4) on drying; lamellulae "alternate" with lamellae. | ||||||||
stipe | from protolog: 60 - 160 (-180) × (4-) 7 - 24 mm, white, with scattered loose fibrils; bulb ovoid, 18 - 33 mm wide, with short radicating base; context firm, white, unchanging when bruised; partial veil apical, [membranous, ]persistent, pendent, with striate [upper] surface; universal veil limbate, with limb as much as 20 mm high. | ||||||||
odor/taste | from protolog: Odor indistinct. Taste not recorded. | ||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||
pileipellis | from protolog: up to 100 µm thick; filamentous hyphae, 3.6[? "3 - 6"] µm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, tightly packed, refractive. [Note: The apparent application of "refractive" to all hyphae of the pileipellis is difficult to understand.—ed.] | ||||||||
pileus context | from protolog: filamentous hyphae 4 - 13 µm wide, interwoven, ochraceous in Melzer’s Reagent, yellowish in KOH; inflated cells "slightly swollen." [Note: Because Miller sometimes did not recognize the presence of acrophysalides in the pileus context (and almost never described the stipe context), it would be worthwhile for the pileus context of the present species to be re-examined.—ed.] | ||||||||
lamella trama | from protolog: [bilateral,] divergent; filamentous hyphae, 4 - 10 µm wide, thin-walled, yellowish in KOH, ochraceous in Melzer’s Reagent. | ||||||||
subhymenium | from protolog: pseudoparenchymatous (cellular); inflated cells isodiametric, 5 - 10 µm wide, thin-walled, hyaline or nearly so in both KOH and Melzer’s Reagent. | ||||||||
basidia | from protolog: 48 - 68 × 9 - 12.5 µm, 4-sterigmate; clamps not observed. | ||||||||
universal veil | from protolog: filamentous hyphae (3-) 4 - 14 (-18) µm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, tightly interwoven; inflated cells clavate to cylindric, 90 - 120 × 5 - 8 µm, terminal. [Note: Miller does not indicate whether the sampled tissue of the universal veil came from the pileus or from the stipe base.] | ||||||||
stipe context | not described in protolog. | ||||||||
partial veil | not described in protolog. | ||||||||
lamella edge tissue | not described in protolog. | ||||||||
basidiospores | from protolog: [-/-/-] 8.0 - 12.0 × 6.0 - 7.5 (-8.5) μm, (Q = 1.33 - 2.0; Q' = 1.66), thin-walled, amyloid (dark blue), ellipsoid to elongate; apiculus "hyaline"; contents not described; cream in deposit. [Note: The word "hyaline" is provided as the description of the apiculus because that is the sole descriptive term provided for the apiculus in the protolog. The reader should be aware that the apiculus in the Amanitaceae is always hyaline and never participates in the amyloid reaction of the remainder of the spore wall. Hence, "hyaline" normally does not appear in the description of the apiculus.—ed.] | ||||||||
ecology | from protolog: Subgregarious to gregarious. "Partially buried in sand under Eucalyptus marginata, E. patens, Banksia menziesii, Allocasuarina fraseriana, and, in one area, [exotic] Pinus pinaster." | ||||||||
material examined |
from protolog: AUSTRALIA: WESTERN AUSTRALIA—Shire of Dandaragan - ca. eastern border of Badgingarra National Park, Brand Hwy. at Mullering Brk. [30°40' S/ 115°29' E], | ||||||||
discussion | Miller placed this species in sect. Phalloideae. The editor concurs. Given the apparently solid color of the cap and the subradicating base of the bulb, this species is most similar to the small (apparently basal per H. Hallen, pers. corresp.) group of the Phalloideae that do not produce amanitins. It would be interesting to evaluate this species for the presence of these toxins. | ||||||||
citations |
The editors express their thanks to Dr. Elaine Davison for her assistance with Western Australia geographical and other data relating to Miller's original materials of this taxon and for her permission to use her photographs on these pages. —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||
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name | Amanita eucalypti |
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name | Amanita eucalypti |
bottom links |
[ Section Phalloideae page. ]
[ Amanita Studies home. ]
[ Keys & Checklists ] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.