name | Amanita alboflavescens |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Hongo |
english name | "East Asian Yellow-Staining Lepidella" |
images | |
intro |
All parts of this species including the flesh are white at
first and will stain yellow when cut or bruised. Bruised
areas appear to become brownish orange or orange-brown with further lapse of time. In this discoloring, A.
alboflavescens is reminiscent of supposedly "diseased" specimens of
A. subsolitaria (Murrill) Murrill of North
America (in Bas' stirps Rhoadsii) a North American yellow staining
entity, with older stained areas becoming orange-brown.
The macroscopic description is largely based on Hongo's original description, supplemented with some data from Arora's collection. |
cap | The cap of Amanita alboflavescens is 40 - 100 mm wide. The cap margin is not striate and is appendiculate. The volval remains on the cap are floccose-membranous and arrayed in flat patches. |
gills | The gills are free to subdecurrent, subdistant to sub crowded, white to cream before bruising or cutting, and 5 - 7 mm broad. The gills' edges are farionose. The short gills are truncate. |
stem | The stem is 50 - 70 × 8± mm, pruinose near the apex, floccose-squamulose below the annulus, and soid. The annulus is superior, rather thick, floccose-membranous, striate on its upper surface, and friable. The stem has an obovate to somewhat somewhat radicating bulb at its base. In some specimens the bulb is only slightly wider the the stipe above it. The floccose-membranous volva is evanescent although it may be present at times as a flaring or collapsed limb. |
spores | The spores from Arora's rather large Chinese collection measure (7.7-) 8.0 - 10.3 (-11.0) × (3.6-) 4.0 - 5.5 (-6.0) µm and are amyloid and elongate to cylindric (occasionally ellipsoid), sometimes constricted, sometimes narrowly clavate. Yang (1997) reported spores from another Chinese specimen as (7.5-) 8.0 - 10.5 (-11.5)× (4.5-) 5.0 - 6.0 µm. Yang and Doi (1999) reported the spores from the (Japanese) type collection to be 8.0 - 11.0 (-13.0) × (4.0-) 4.5 - 5.5 (-6.5) µm. Clamps are not found at the bases of basidia. |
discussion |
This species was originally described from Japan (Hongo, 1970); and, hence, was not treated in Bas' 1969 study of section Lepidella. Its currently known range includes part of southern China. In China and Japan, the species is associated with pine and oak as well as other fagaceous trees. Because the present species lacks clamp connections, it cannot be closely related to A. subsolitaria (=A. crassifolia Bas nom. prov.) because the latter is classified in a group of clamp-bearing taxa by Bas.—R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita alboflavescens | ||||||||
author | Hongo. 1970. Mem. Fac. Liberal Arts Shiga Univ.; 20: 50, fig. 27(7-9). | ||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||
english name | "East Asian Yellow-Staining Lepidella" | ||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 308533 | ||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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holotypes | TNS [per Doi. 1991. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B 17(2): 49] | ||||||||
type studies | Yang and Doi. 1999. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo B 25(3): 116-117, fig. 12. | ||||||||
revisions | Z. L. Yang. 1997. Biblioth. Mycol. 170: 158, figs. 130-131. | ||||||||
selected illustrations | Imazeki and Hongo. 1987. Color. Illus. Mushr. Japan 1: 131, pl. 33 (fig. 227). | ||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is based upon the protolog of the present species, (Yang 1997), (Yang and Doi 1999), and original research by R. E. Tulloss. NOTE: Spore measurements from papers by Z. L. Yang use his "Times New Roman" face for "Q" and "Q'"—respectively, " | ||||||||
pileus | protolog: 40 - 65 mm wide, white then yellowing (to Buff-Yellow" or Naples Yellow or Cream Color), convex, then planar, dry; context white, yellowing when damaged, thick in disc, thin at margin; margin nonstriate, appendiculate at first; universal veil white to whitish to yellowish, as furfuraceous covering and/or as rather densely distributed irregular floccose-membranous warts and patches [per fig. 7—ed.]. | ||||||||
lamellae | protolog: free but with subdecurrent tooth, subdistant to subcrowded, whitish then cream, yellowing when damaged, 5 - 7 mm broad, ventricose, with farinose edge; lamellulae truncate. | ||||||||
stipe | protolog: 50 - 70 × 8±, white then yellowing, pruinose at apex, floccose-squamulose below; bulb 18 - 23 mm wide, obovate to fusiform-radicate; context solid; partial veil superior, thick, floccose-membranous, finely striate [above?], friable, white then yellowing; universal veil floccose-membranouse, white then yellow, evanescent. | ||||||||
odor/taste | protolog: Odor marked. Taste mild. | ||||||||
macrochemical tests |
none recorded. | ||||||||
lamella trama | protolog: bilateral. | ||||||||
basidia |
protolog: 24 - 30 × 9 - 10 μm, 4-sterigmate. Yang and Doi (1999): 36 - 40 × 8 - 11 μm, dominantly 4-, sometimes 2-sterigmate; clamps status uncertain. Yang (1997): 38 - 46 × 9 - 10 μm, 4-sterigmate, with sterigmata up to 3 μm long; clamps status uncertain. | ||||||||
universal veil | protolog: On pileus: filamentous hyphae 2.5 - 7.5 μm wide, branching, hyaline, colorless; inflated cells 18 - 38 μm wide, ellipsoid to pyriform to broadly clavate, terminal singly or in short chains. | ||||||||
lamella edge tissue | protolog: inflated cells 25 - 40 × 13 - 19 μm, subglobose to subellipsoid to clavate, thin-walled. | ||||||||
basidiospores |
Yang and Doi (1999): [30/1/1] 8.0 - 11.0 (-13.0) × (4.0-) 4.5 - 5.5 (-6.5) μm, ( Yang (1997): [33/1/1] (7.5-) 8.0 - 10.5 (-11.5) × (4.5-) 5.0 - 6.0 μm, ( composite of data from all material revised by RET: [55/3/1] (7.7-) 8.0 - 10.3 (-11.0) × (3.6-) 4.0 - 5.5 (-6.0) μm, (L = 8.7 - 9.4 μm;/ L' = 9.2 μm; W = 4.4 - 5.0 μm; W' = 4.8 μm; Q = (1.40-) 1.62 - 2.24 (-2.39); Q = 1.88 - 2.0; Q' = 1.92 ± 0.21), elongate to cylindric, rarely ellipsoid, hyaline, colorless, amyloid, smooth, thin-walled, adaxially flattened, sometimes sinuate, occasionally constricted, occasionally subclatave; apiculus sublateral; contents ??; ?? in deposit. [Note: While work is not complete, RET suggests that the abnormal forms of some spores and the range of size and shape suggest that the material illustrated in Arora's photographs on this taxon page may represent an Amanita exhibiting the "yellowing syndrome."] | ||||||||
ecology | Solitary to scattered. Japan: In forest under Quercus acutissima, Q. glauca, etc. or in Pinus densiflora-Q. serrata forest. | ||||||||
material examined |
protolog: JAPAN: HONSHU—Shiga-ken - Ôtsu-shi, Kamidanakami-Dô, 18.ix.1969 Hongo 4014 (holotype, in herb. T. Hongo => TNS F-237274); Ôtsu-shi, Mt. Tanakami, 20.viii.1966 Hongo 3281 (paratype, in herb. T. Hongo). type study of Yang and Doi (1999): JAPAN: HONSHU—Shiga-ken - Ôtsu-shi, Kamidanakami-Dô, 18.ix.1969 Hongo 4014 (holotype, in herb. T. Hongo => TNS F-237274). Yang (1997): CHINA: YUNNAN—Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture - Unkn. Co., Jishan, 24.viii.1983 W. K. Zheng 8349 (HKAS 12053). RET: CHINA: YUNNAN—Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture - Lufeng Co., unkn. loc., 2.viii.2002 D. Arora 02-43 (RET 357-3; SFSU). | ||||||||
discussion |
In the protolog, Hongo compared the present species with A. crassifolia Bas nom. prov. (now considered to be based on material of A. subsolitaria exhibiting the "yellowing syndrome"). The spores of A. subsolitaria are markedly longer and, hence, proportionatly narrower than those of the present species as can be seen in the comparison of sporographs in the following figure: The Japanese name for this species is "ki-uroko-tengutake" (Doi 1991). | ||||||||
citations | Translations from Latin and German by RET.—Zhu L. Yang, R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||
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name | Amanita alboflavescens |
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name | Amanita alboflavescens |
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Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.