name | Amanita cylindrispora |
name status | nomen acceptum |
author | Beardslee |
english name | "Narrowest-Spored Limbed Lepidella" |
images | |
cap |
The cap of Amanita cylindrispora is 40 - 80 mm wide, white to whitish to pale grayish white, graying or browning slightly over disk in age, occasionally with one or a few small rust-colored spots, subviscid at first, shiny when dry, hemispheric becoming convex, finally plano-convex; context 2 - 5 mm thick at stipe, white, thinning evenly to margin; margin nonstriate, slightly incurved at first, then decurved, frequently minutely appendiculate with white small membranous patches and/or white fibrillose material (lens); pileipellis separable; universal veil absent or occasionally as a single, easily removable, membranous whitish or pale grayish patch. The pileus may be partially expanded and still be well-below the surface of the soil substrate (right most photo, cap covered with sand). |
gills |
The gills of A. cylindrispora are free to narrowly adnate with a sometimes faint, short decurrent line on stipe (lens), occasionally with a decurrent tooth on stipe, close to subcrowded to crowded, white to whitish to "pale pink to rosy-isabelline" to sordid cream (age) in mass, paler in side view, occasionally watersoaked after rain, not bruising or staining, 3 - 5 (-8) mm broad; margins white, flocculose (lens)/ The short gills are truncate to rounded truncate to subattenuate to attenuate after a step to attenuate (longest). |
stem |
The stipe is 60 - 117 × 8 - 15 mm, largely or entirely buried in the substrate (see, especially, center two photos, above), white, cylindric to slightly narrowing upward, slightly or not flaring at apex, browning somewhat from handling, fibrillose to finely pulverulent/fibrillose (lens), finely longitudinally striate (lens) with thin, appressed, white patches distributed over lower portion; context white to pale sordid, not staining or bruising, can become watersoaked after rain, larva tunnels concolorous to slightly sordid or water soaked, solid or firmly stuffed at first or hollow above with 2 - 6 mm wide central cylinder and firmly stuffed below; bulb 23 - 34 × 13 - 23 mm (Beardslee: bulb 50 - 70 mm long), rounded below (subclavate) to napiform to very slenderly fusiform to subfusiform, subradicating to radicating, occasionally doglegged, with white mycelium at base. The annulus is apical to subapical, white, delicate, skirtlike, membranous, flaring at first, later becoming appressed, upper surface striate, lower surface floccose/fibrillose, occasionally found with a thin membranous volval internal limb hanging in whole or part from margin. The volva is membranous to submembranous, limbate, torn into irregular lobes, smooth surfaced or impregnated with sand, white with occasional reddish or reddish brown stains, sometimes a pinkish tint on the interior surface, occasionally(?) "bruising pinkish" (Murrill, regarding F17658), thin (less than 1 mm thick), upstanding at first and separated from the stipe barely (often with no evidence of an internal limb) or (less often) by width of complete, or rounded remnant of, internal limb, adnate for about half to two-thirds of limb height; height from highest tip of limb to bottom of bulb 33 - 62 mm (Beardslee: free limb 20 - 40 mm long). |
odor/taste |
Odor is lacking or is faintly of decay in age or occasionally of "chlorine" (Beardslee). The taste is mild (Murrill F17658). |
spores |
The spores measure (7.8-) 11.5 - 15.8 (-24.5) × (3.2-) 3.8 - 5.0 (-6.2) µm and are cylindric to bacilliform (rarely elongate) and amyloid. Clamps are absent from bases of basidia. |
discussion |
The species does not contain amatoxins (H. E. Hallen, pers. comm.). Amanita cylindrispora occurs in the sandy soils of the Atlantic coastal plain from Long Island, New York south to Florida (from which it was originally described) and, in similar soils north of the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico, at least as far west as eastern Texas. Its major symbionts appear to be oak (Quercus) and pine (Pinus); sometimes beech (Fagus grandifolia) may be present in the oak forests. Photographs of the the type collection (including Beardslee's photograph of the fresh material) can be found here. Elongate bulbs, narrow spores, and fruiting bodies deeply inserted in the soil are often associated with "leaky" ecosystems (Tulloss 2005). This species is most similar morphologically to a southern European and north African species, Amanita gilbertii Beauseign. Recent molecular studies by Dr. Heather E. Hallen (MSU) support morphological studies concerning a close relationship between the two taxa. At the moment, I believe the present species is best placed in subsection Limbatulae Bas. Following the system of Bas (1969), I designate a new Stirps Cylindrispora to include A. cylindrispora and A. gilbertii.—R. E. Tulloss |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita cylindrispora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
author | Beardslee. 1936. J. Elisha Mitchell Scient. Soc. 52: 105-106, pl. 14. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen acceptum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
english name | "Narrowest-Spored Limbed Lepidella" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
synonyms |
≡Venenarius cylindrisporus (Beardslee) Murrill. 1948. Lloydia 11(2): 101. The editors of this site owe a great debt to Dr. Cornelis Bas whose famous cigar box files of Amanita nomenclatural information gathered over three or more decades were made available to RET for computerization and make up the lion's share of the nomenclatural information presented on this site. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
MycoBank nos. | 262639, 291940 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
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lectotypes | [Note: syntypes/duplicates are in many institutions RET has located many syntypes and will propose the collection at CUP-A to be the lectotype.] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
revisions | Tulloss, here. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is based on original research by R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus | 40 - 80 mm wide, white to whitish to pale grayish white, graying or browning (paler than 5C-D2) slightly over disk in age, occasionally with one or a few small rust-colored spots, subviscid at first, shiny when dry, hemispheric becoming convex, finally plano-convex; context 2 - 5 mm thick at stipe, white, thinning evenly to margin; margin nonstriate, slightly incurved at first, then decurved, frequently minutely appendiculate with white small membranous patches and/or white fibrillose material (lens); pileipellis separable; universal veil absent or occasionally as a single, deciduous, membranous whitish or pale grayish patch. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamellae | free to narrowly adnate with sometimes faint, short decurrent line on stipe (lens), occasionally with decurrent tooth on stipe, close to subcrowded to crowded, white to whitish to “pale pink to rosy-isabelline” (Murrill F17658) to sordid cream (age) in mass, paler in side view, occasionally watersoaked after rain, not bruising or staining, 3 - 5 (-8) mm broad; margins white, flocculose (lens); lamellulae truncate to rounded truncate to subattenuate to attenuate after a step to attenuate (longest). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe | 60 - 117 × 8 - 15 mm, largely or entirely buried in the substrate, white, cylindric to slightly narrowing upward, slightly or not flaring at apex, browning somewhat from handling, fibrillose to finely pulverulent/fibrillose (lens), finely longitudinally striate (lens) with thin, appressed, white patches (of internal limb?) distributed over lower portion; context white to pale sordid, not staining or bruising, can become watersoaked after rain, larva tunnels concolorous to slightly sordid or water soaked, solid or firmly stuffed at first or hollow above with 2 - 6 mm wide central cylinder and firmly stuffed below; bulb 23 - 34 × 13 - 23 mm (Beardslee: bulb 50 - 70 mm long), rounded below (subclavate) to napiform to very slenderly fusiform to subventricose, subradicating to radicating, occasionally doglegged, with white mycelium at base; partial veil apical to subapical, white, delicate, skirtlike, membranous, flaring then becoming appressed, upper surface striate, lower surface floccose/fibrillose, occasionally found with a thin membranous limbus internus hanging in whole or part from margin; universal veil as membranous to submembranous, limbate volva, torn into irregular lobes, smooth surfaced or impregnated with sand, white with occasional reddish or reddish brown stains, sometimes a pinkish tint on interior surface, rarely(?) “bruising pinkish” (Murrill, regarding F17658), thin (less than 1 mm thick), upstanding at first and separated from the stipe barely (often with no evidence of limbus internus) or (less often) by width of complete, or rounded remnant of, limbus internus, adnate for about half to two-thirds of limb height, not clearly having an internal layer; height from highest tip of limb to bottom of bulb 33 - 62 mm (Beardslee: free limb 20 - 40 mm long). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
odor/taste | Odor lacking or faintly of decay in age or occasionally of chlorine (Beardslee). Taste mild (Murrill F17658). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
2% KOH - negative on pileipellis. Spot test for tyrosinase (L-tyrosine) - positive through most of basidiome; spot test for laccase - negative. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileipellis | 55 (-200) µm thick, surface gelatinizing strongly; filamentous undifferentiated hyphae subradially arranged, interwoven, 1.8 - 9.0 µm wide, becoming of larger diameter and grading into the larger diameter hyphae of the context; vascular hyphae scant or absent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus context | filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.8 - 10.0 µm wide, loosely interwoven, branching; acrophysalides ventricose to narrowly clavate to clavate to narrowly ovoid, thin-walled or with walls slightly thickened, to 115 × 35 µm; vascular hyphae not common, 1.8 - 8.0 µm wide. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella trama | bilateral; central stratum clearly defined; angle of divergence rather shallow; branching filamentous undifferentiated hyphae 0.8 - 6.0 µm wide; inflated cells ellipsoid to clavate, thin-walled, to 70 × 25 µm; vascular hyphae common, 1.5 - 9.8 µm wide, locally loosely coiling. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
subhymenium | subcellular/subramose; basidia arise singly or in small groups from short partially inflated hyphal segments or small inflated cells that range from subglobose to subpyriform to ovoid to ellipsoid to elongate to clavate in a layer 1 to 3 cells deep; these latter cells arising from filamentous undifferentiated hyphae or cylindrical inflated cells that in a short distance make a smooth turn becoming almost perpendicular to the central stratum; clamps observed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidia | 31 - 65 × 7.0 - 10.5 (-12.0) µm, clavate with flattened area between sterigmata, thin-walled, dominantly 4-, but occasionally 3- or 2-sterigmate; sterigmata to 5.0 µm long; clamps observed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
universal veil | On pileus: absent. On stipe base, exterior surface: slightly gelatinizing interwoven sublongitudinally oriented branching filamentous undifferentiated hyphae, 0.8 - 6.5 (-12.0) µm wide, occasionally with slightly thickened walls, in layer only small number of hyphal diameters thick. On stipe base, interior: interwoven branching filamentous undifferentiated hyphae, 2.0 - 10.0 (-12.0) µm wide, dominating; inflated cells clavate to ventricose to narrowly ellipsoid, mostly less than 110 × 55 µm, but occasionally up to 300 × 75 µm, thin-walled or with walls to 0.5 µm thick; vascular hyphae not common, 1.0 - 3.0 µm wide. On stipe base, inner surface: like interior, but somewhat gelatinizing. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe context | longitudinally acrophysalidic; branching filamentous undifferentiated hyphae, 1.2 - 9.8 µm wide; acrophysalides thin-walled or with walls to 0.5 µm thick, rather narrow, to 260 × 40 µm, sometimes bearing broken stripes or irregular small lumps of incrusting, congophilous matter (especially notable near stipe surface); vascular hyphae scarce to absent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
partial veil | branching filamentous undifferentiated hyphae dominating, one group subradially arranged and at times organized in fascicles, another tangled loosely interwoven and lacking common orientation, 2.5 - 12.0 µm wide, most of the smaller diameters; inflated cells (exclusive of those collapsing, gelatinizing cells on the upper surface that serve to allow separation of the partial veil from the lamellae) scattered, terminal, narrowly peanut-shaped to clavate to ovoid to subpyriform to pyriform, to 42 × 25 µm; vascular hyphae 0.8 - 5.8 µm wide, not common. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidiospores | [530/24/19] (7.8-) 11.5 - 15.8 (-24.5) × (3.2-) 3.8 - 5.0 (-6.2) µm, (L = (11.7-) 11.9 - 14.4 (-15.3) µm; L’ = 13.3 µm; W = 4.0 - 4.8 (-4.9) µm; W’ = 4.3 µm; Q = (1.94-) 2.40 - 3.81 (-5.10); Q = (2.44-) 2.55 - 3.55 (-3.60); Q’ = 3.11), hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, amyloid, cylindric to bacilliform, often slightly swollen at one end; sometimes slightly constricted; apiculus sublateral, small, cylindric to truncate conic; Mi>contents guttulate to sparsely granular; white in deposit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ecology | Solitary to subgregarious. Seminole Co., Florida: Under Pinus spp. Alachua Co., Florida: Under Quercus laurifolia Michx. in rich soil. New Jersey: In sand in open, grassy areas of Pinus-Quercus barrens or in sandy loam of deciduous forest dominated by Fagus grandifolia, Q. alba L., Q. muehlenbergii, Q. palustris, and other Quercus spp. or in Pine Barrens comprising (p.p.) Pinus rigida Mill., Quercus spp. (usually as scrub and including Q. marilandica Muenhch., Q. prinus L., Q. rubra L., and Q. alba), Nyssa sylvatica Marsh, Sassafras albidum (Nuttall) Nees, and Smilax glauca Walt. All known material is from the eastern U.S.A. coastal plain. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
material examined |
U.S.A.:
CONNECTICUT—Middlesex Co., Salmon
River St. For. (W), 22.viii.2008 R. E. Tulloss
8-22-08-D (RET 420-9, nrITS-LSU seq'd.).
FLORIDA—Alachua Co. - Gainesville,
5.vi.1950 W. A. Murrill s.n. (FLAS F71658 &
fragments in L), 13.ix.1950 Bu[i?]rchfield s.n.
(FLAS F45687), 28.iii.1992 Michael A. Vincent 5124
(MU F-38982 n.v.; RET 047-4).
Leon Co. - Tallahassee,
Tom Brown Pk., 6.ix.1985 G. Wright 3521 (RET
091-7). Orange Co. - Winter Park,
25.xii.1940 C. L. Shear 1332 (BPI), xii.1944 C. L.
Shear s.n. (BPI), 1.i.1946 C. L. Shear s.n.
(BPI). Seminole Co. - Altamonte Springs,
xii.1935 H. C. Beardslee s.n. (lectotype des. mihi,
CUP 25548; isolectotype, BPI; isolectotype, MICH),
14.xii.1936 H. C. Beardslee s.n. (MICH),
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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name | Amanita cylindrispora |
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name | Amanita cylindrispora |
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Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.