name | Amanita macerisolum |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | Tulloss |
english name | "Poor Soil Lepidella" |
images |
1. Amanita macerisolum, S of Apache, Cochise Co., Arizona, U.S.A. (RET 023-6) 2. Amanita macerisolum, Gila Nat. For., SW of Silver City, Grant Co., New Mexico, U.S.A. (RET 517-1) 3. Amanita macerisolum, Gila Nat. For., SW of Silver City, Grant Co., New Mexico, U.S.A. (RET 517-1) 4. Amanita macerisolum, Gila Nat. For., SW of Silver City, Grant Co., New Mexico, U.S.A. (RET 517-1) 5. Amanita macerisolum, Encanto, San Diego, San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 613-3) 6. Amanita macerisolum, Encanto, San Diego, San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 613-3) 7. Amanita macerisolum, Mission Trails Reg. Pk., San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 723-4) 8. Amanita macerisolum, Mission Trails Reg. Pk., San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 723-4) |
intro | Amanita macerisolum is a species that lives in dry soils, but has adapted to watered lawns in southern California. Morphologically and genetically, it belongs with the group of nonmycorrhizal amanitas in Amanita [sect. Lepidella] subsect. Vittadiniae Bas.. |
cap | The cap is about 77 mm wide with whitish to tan flat scales intimately connected to a whitish surface. The cap can be up to 13 mm thick at the stem and thins evenly toward the edge. The shape is plano-convex to convex with a veil present in light brown to grayish brown to pale gray in patches that are not easily removed. The scales of the veil tend to thickest toward the cap edge and to become progressively thinner toward the cap' center. The flesh of the cap is white. |
gills | The gills of A. macerisolum vary from free and rounded towards the stem to broadly attached to the stem. They are up to 16 mm broad and widest at the middle of the gill. The edges of the gills may be decorated with a little fringe of fine powder. The gills are white when young and become dull yellowish to honey-colored to primrose as the mushroom ages. |
stem | The white fleshed, solid stem of A. macerisolum measures roughly 40 × 9 mm and tapers slightly downward; the stem's base is not pointed. The stem flares at the apex, and a partial veil may be found as tufts or in a ragged ring and eventually may be lost. The volva may be present as white to brownish scales on the lower stem. |
odor/taste | Collectors report that A. macerisolum has an “aromatic or minty” or “mushroomy” odor. The taste is reported to be “very mild” or “common lepidella flavor.” |
spores | The spores of this mushroom measure (8.8-) 10.5 - 13.5 (-14.5) × (6.8-) 7.8 - 9.5 (-10.8) µm and are amyloid and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid to (infrequently) elongate. Clamps are plentiful at bases of basidia. |
discussion |
This description is based on samples collected in
Baja California, México as well as in southern
California and New Mexico. This mushroom is reported to appear in very wet years, usually distant from woody plants. [In one case, the species was found in a wooded area with Junipers (Juniperus) and Emory Oaks (Quercus emoryi).] Amanita macerisolum is probably not symbiotic with woody plants and is related to such species as A. prairiicola and A. pruittii.—R. E. Tulloss and A. S. Wu |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita macerisolum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
author | Tulloss | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen provisorum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
english name | "Poor Soil Lepidella" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
etymology | macerus, poor, inferior + solum soil; because of the occurrence of this fungus in dry, treeless places with poor soil. The epithet is a noun in apposition and retains its gender. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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intro |
Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is based on original research of R. E. Tulloss. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus | 77± mm wide, with whitish surface exposed between warts and scales, areolate when found partially dried in field, plano-convex to convex; context white, up to 13 mm thick at stipe, thinning evenly to margin; margin nonstriate, appendiculate with fine brown pulverulence in narrow band; universal veil in light brown to light gray to pale grayish brown scales or small patches (to 5 mm across), not easily removed, larger scales tending to have raised portion on side nearest the pileus margin with smear of same color extending toward disc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamellae | adnexed to adnate, subcrowded, white at first, becoming light dull yellowish to “honey” to “primrose” (Rayner chart), up to 16 mm broad, broadest at midpoint, with edges slight to strongly irregularly fimbriate; lamellulae attenuate, in [at least] one or two ranks. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe | 40± × 9± mm, white, tapering downward slightly, but not having pointed base, flaring at apex; context white, solid; partial veil as floccose to submembranous ragged ring, superior, tearing, moderately persistent, often eventually evanescent; universal veil as large torn white to brownish scales. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
odor/taste | Odor ""aromatic or minty" (Wright) or "mushroomy" (Chapman), strong and unpleasant in exsiccata. Taste “typical of section Lepidella” (Wright) or "very mild" (Chapman). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
10% KOH - negative on pileus, context of pileus, and lamellae. Meixner test - negative for amatoxins, developing yellow halo around spot tested after several minutes. 2% phenol - negative on stipe context. FeSO4 - negative in pileus and stipe context; positive (gray) on scales on stipe and on universal veil remnants on pileus. Test vouchers: specific vouchers not indicated by collector. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileipellis | not markedly differentiated from pileus context; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae ?? µm wide, subradially arranged, gelatinizing slightly and only at pileus surface; ??. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus context | with dense region 60± µm thick adjacent to universal veil. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella trama | bilateral, narrow, with distinct central stratum comprising filamentous undifferentiated hyphae with intercalary segments inflated up to 17.5 µm wide; elements of subhymenial base diverging at angles under 45°; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.0 - 8.5 µm wide; possibly terminal inflated cells external in subhymenial base, diverging at shallow angles, in chains, clavate to ovoid to ellipsoid, up to 76 × 28 µm, thin-walled; vascular hyphae ??. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
subhymenium | appearing pseudoparenchymatous, with short partially inflated hyphal segments found on close inspection, having obscure branching structure. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidia | 36 - 56 × 10.8 - 17 µm, with rather broad bases, thin-walled, predominantly 4-, but also 1- and 2-sterigmate, of two forms (slenderly clavate and quite broadly clavate), with those of slender type projecting considerably beyond surrounding basidioles; clamps plentiful. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
universal veil | On pileus: inflated cells elongate, periclinally arranged, some appearing to arise from hyphae of pileus context, gelatinizing, e.g., clavate to 42± × 15± µm. On stipe: ??. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella edge tissue | sterile. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidiospores | composite of data from all material examined by RET and CRC: [140/7/5] (8.8-) 10.5 - 13.5 (-14.5) × (6.8-) 7.8 - 9.5 (-10.8) µm, (L = 11.5 - 12.7 µm; L’ = 12.0 µm; W = 8.3 - 8.9 µm; W’ = 8.5 µm; Q = (1.22-) 1.27 - 1.54 (-1.76); Q = 1.37 - 1.45; Q’ = 1.41), hyaline, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid to (infrequently) elongate, sometimes somewhat adaxially flattened; contents usually monoguttulate; apiculus sublateral, small, cylindric; color in deposit not recorded. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ecology |
Baja California, México: At 610± m elev.
In desert, under mesquite (Prosopsis sp.). Riverside Co., California, U.S.A.: In semi-arid, Coastal Sage ecosystem. San Diego Co., California, U.S.A.: On southwest facing slope with sparse chapparal vegetation or in lawn distant from trees or in poor soil distant from trees and only appearing in wettest years. Grant Co., New Mexico, U.S.A.: At 1965± m elev. In sandy-loamy soil of Quercus-Juniperus woodland, near Quercus emoryi. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
material examined | MÉXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA—El Rosario [ca. 610 m], 24.viii.1990 Barry Silver s.n. (RET 023-3, nrITS seq'd.). U.S.A.: ARIZONA—Cochise Co. - S of Apache, St. Hwy. 80, mile 405, 7.ix.1986 David Goodward s.n. [G. Wright 3685] (RET 023-6, nrITS seq'd.). CALIFORNIA—Orange Co. - Laguna Beach, Laguna Coast Wilderness Pk., 16.iii.2014 Kevin Lentz s.n. [mushroomobserver.org #193940 (RET 686-10, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.). Riverside Co. - Hemet, Sabina Dr. [33.6043° N/ 116.9196° W, 773 m], 26.v.2015 Diane De Baun s.n. (RET 689-1, nrLSU seq'd.). loc. unkn., 7.ix.2013 E. & M. Allen s.n. (RET 567-7, nrITS seq'd.). San Diego Co. - San Diego, campus of Univ. of California at San Diego, 20.x.1987 David Goodward s.n. [G. Wright 3810] (RET 023-4); San Diego, Encanto [32.714° N/ 117.059° W, 92 m], 5.iv.2011 Bonni Mackintosh s.n. [mushroomobserver.org #65225] (RET 473-9, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.; RET 613-3), 10.iii.2014 B. MacKintosh s.n. (RET 609-4, nrLSU seq'd.); Mission Trails Regional Pk. [32° N/ 117° W, 118 m], 15.iv.2015 Cindy Trubovitz s.n. [mushroomobserver.org #236924] (RET 728-4, nrITS & nrLSU seq'd.); unkn. loc., 18.xii.2018 Bonni Thoreson s.n. [iNaturalist 19097457] (RET 860-2, nrITS-LSU seq'd.). NEW MEXICO— Grant Co. - Gila Nat. For., SW of Silver City [32.5499° N/ 108.4296° W, 1965 m], 14.ix.2012 Robert M. Chapman 1404 [mushroomobserver.org #109660] (in herb. R. M. Chapman; RET 517-1, nrITS seq'd.). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
discussion |
The above description is incomplete. Fresh
material similar to that described on this page is
sought by RET. The present species has been reported near Quercus in one case, but is more often reported growing without an obvious, nearby symbiont. It is plausible that A. macerisolum is not obligately mycorrhizal. On morphological grounds, this taxon could be considered close to, if not identical to, A prairiicola. The two species are distinctly separated on genetic grounds. A sporograph comparison of the present species with A. prairiicola follows: Amanita pruittii may have stature somewhat similar to that of the present species. As in the previous case, A. pruittii is genetically quite distinct from the present species. A comparative sporograph for the two species follows: In correspondence and regional checklists, RET has referred to this taxon as Amanita “species C13” and as A. subcaligata sensu Greg Wright. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss and C. Rodríguez Caycedo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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name | Amanita macerisolum |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | Tulloss |
english name | "Poor Soil Lepidella" |
images |
1. Amanita macerisolum, S of Apache, Cochise Co., Arizona, U.S.A. (RET 023-6) 2. Amanita macerisolum, Gila Nat. For., SW of Silver City, Grant Co., New Mexico, U.S.A. (RET 517-1) 3. Amanita macerisolum, Gila Nat. For., SW of Silver City, Grant Co., New Mexico, U.S.A. (RET 517-1) 4. Amanita macerisolum, Gila Nat. For., SW of Silver City, Grant Co., New Mexico, U.S.A. (RET 517-1) 5. Amanita macerisolum, Encanto, San Diego, San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 613-3) 6. Amanita macerisolum, Encanto, San Diego, San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 613-3) 7. Amanita macerisolum, Mission Trails Reg. Pk., San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 723-4) 8. Amanita macerisolum, Mission Trails Reg. Pk., San Diego Co., California, U.S.A. (RET 723-4) |
photo |
Greg Wright - (1) south of Apache, Cochise County,
Arizona, U.S.A. RET 023-6. Robert Chapman - (2-4) Gila Nat. For., southwest of Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico, U.S.A. RET 517-1. [Note: Untrimmed original size images may be found on mushroomobserver.com here.] Bonni MacKintosh - (5-6) Encanto, San Diego, San Diego County, California, U.S.A. RET 613-3. [Note: Untrimmed original size images may be found on mushroomobserver.com here.] Cindy Trubovitz - (7-8) Mission Trails Regional Park, San Diego County, California, U.S.A. RET 723-4. [Note: Untrimmed original size images may be found on mushroomobserver.com here.] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.