name | Amanita zayantensis |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | C. F. Schwarz et al. |
images | |
cap | The cap of Amanita baccata sensu Arora is 40 - 100 (-120) mm wide. It is white and unchanging when cut or bruised although it sometimes discolors to buff with age. It appears dull when dry, and is viscid when moist. The margin is often hung with flaps of submembranous to subfelted material and is not striate. The cap is convex at first, then unevenly broadly convex, and finally becomes irregularly flattened, eventually with the center depressed. The white volval remains on the cap take the form of mealy to powdery warts or flat patches, or simply may be a thin layer of loosely woven fibrils. The volva may disappear in age. |
gills | The gills of Amanita baccata sensu Arora are narrowly attached to the stem or notched at the stem or (occasionally) free. The gills leave faint decurrent lines on the top of the stem. They are closed dirty white in mass; in side view, they are grayish pale cream to grayish buff to grayish cream in the button and dirty yellowish cream at maturity (distinctly more yellow and less beige than in button). The plentiful short gills are squarely cut-off or have a somewhat rounded corner and are of diverse lengths. |
stem | The dry, white stem measures 50 - 82 × 5 - 25 mm. It sometimes exhibits yellow or buff stains. For some distance at its top, it is decorated with white fibrillose-floccose to powdery material (with the upper 1 - 3 mm, densely flocculose at first and striate). The bulb is 36 - 92 × 11.5 - 38 mm, like an inverted egg or turnip- or carrot-like (in the latter case, often somewhat lumpy) and has a rounded bottom. The stipe's ring may be missing or poorly defined or present and subfelted; when present, it is usually superior, white, ragged, cottony, attached at the lower edge of the flocculent zone on the upper stem (mentioned above), and ephemeral. Volval material is not evident in mature material. In buttons, the volval may appear as a flocculent limb at the broadest point of the stem's bulb (very close to the bulb's top). |
odor/taste | This mushroom has an odor that is mild or slightly pungent, strongly suggesting (to RET) A. subsolitaria (Murrill) Murrill. Its taste has not been recorded. |
spores | Spores of this species measure (8.8-) 9.8 - 12.5 (-15.8) × (4.8-) 5.2 - 6.5 (-8.5) μm and are amyloid and elongate to cylindric (infrequently ellipsoid, occasionally constricted). Clamps are present at bases of basidia. |
discussion | Amanita baccata sensu Arora has been collected in Santa Cruz Co., California, U.S.A. According to Arora (1986), this mushroom is found in moderately dense brush, by roads, in clearings, and in other relatively open areas. Among the woody plants with which it has been reported are Pine, Oak, Chinkapin, and Manzanita.—R. E. Tulloss and M. C. Macher |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita zayantensis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
author | C. F. Schwartz ex C. F. Schwartz, Tulloss, D. Arora, S. D. Russell, G. Wright, et al. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen provisorum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
etymology | Zayante (town, creek, and fault in Santa Cruz Co., California) + -ensis, "occurring in" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
Due to delays in data processing at GenBank, some accession numbers may lead to unreleased (pending) pages.
These pages will eventually be made live, so try again later.
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selected illustrations |
Arora. 1986.
Demystified, 2nd ed.: 274 & pl. 54. Bunyard and Justice (2020): 241. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
intro |
Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been
thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text
where data is missing or uncertain. The following material not directly from Arora (1986) is based on molecular work by Stephen Russell and on other original research by R. E. Tulloss, Christian Schwarz, David Arora, and Greg Wright. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus | 40 - 100 (-120) mm wide, white, unchanging when cut or bruised, sometimes discoloring buff with age, convex in button, then unevenly broadly convex, becoming irregularly subapplanate, with disc eventually somewhat depressed, dull when dry, tacky to viscid when moist; context white, becoming faintly yellowish in old material, soft, 9- - 11 mm thick, thinning evenly to margin; margin appendiculate with flaps of submembranous to subfelted material (becoming more felted with in situ drying), nonstriate; universal veil as white mealy to powdery warts or flat patches, or simply as thin layer of loosely woven fibrils, detersile in age, with cap surface apparently receding from areas covered by warts. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamellae | narrowly adnate or sinuate, occasionally free, with faint decurrent lines on stipe apex, close, in mass sordid white, in side view sordid pale cream to sordid buff to sordid cream in button and sordid yellowish cream at maturity (distinctly more yellow, less beige, than in button), becoming sordid yellowish in age, drying sordid pale yellow (slightly grayer than 3A3), 9- - 12 mm broad, with flocculent edge slightly paler than hymenium; lamellulae truncate to subtruncate to rounded truncate, plentiful, of diverse lengths unevenly distributed, plentiful, sometimes at least one between each pair of lamellae. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe | 50 - 82 × 5 - 25 mm, dry, white, sometimes with (yellow or buff stains (sometimes faint and slow to appear), cylindric or slightly narrowing upward, flaring slightly and over some distance at apex, decorated with white fibrillose-floccose to pulverulent material (with upper 1 - 3 mm, densely flocculose at first and striate); context white; bulb 36 - 92 × 11.5 - 38 mm, obclavate to napiform to dauciform (in latter case, often somewhat lumpy), bottom rounded; exannulate or with partial veil poorly defined to subfelted, superior, white, ragged, cottony, attached at lower edge of aforementioned flocculent zone on upper stipe, ephemeral; universal veil not evident in mature material, in buttons as flocculent limb at broadest point of bulb (very close to bulb apex). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
odor/taste |
RET: Odor mild or slightly pungent, strongly
suggesting A.
subsolitaria (Murrill) Murrill.
Taste not recorded. G. Wright: Odor ... Taste ... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
G. Wright: 10% KOH soln. - negative on pileus
surface and
context, negative on lamellae. UV light - most of pileus, lamellae, and stipe and small regions (mostly near surfaces) of pileus and stipe contexts flourescing dull yellow. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileipellis | ?? mm thick; suprapellis ?? mm thick, gelatinized; subpellis ?? mm thick; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae ?? - ?? µm wide, subradially arranged, interwoven, branching, sometimes with somewhat expanded terminal cells; vascular hyphae present. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella trama | bilateral, divergent; central stratum broad, ??; filamentous hyphae ??; inflated cells ??; vascular hyphae 2.8 - 7.0 µm wide, very tangled and dense in some regions; clamps observed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
subhymenium | basidia arising from occasionally branching, uninflated hyphal segments which arise in turn from inflated intercalary cells of lamella trama. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidia | 44 - 71 × 8.0 - 11.2 µm, 4-, 2-, and 3-sterigmate, thin-walled, with sterigmata up to 8.0 µm long; clamps plentiful. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
universal veil | On pileus: filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.4 - 7.3 µm wide, branching, interwoven, abundant; inflated cells plentiful, irregularly disposed, not rehydrating well, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid (up to 53 × 50 µm) to elongate (up to 70 × 35 µm); vascular hyphae up to 5.9 µm wide. On stipe base: absent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe context | longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.1 - 8.4 µm wide, branching, ??; acrophysalides up to 280 × 35 µm; vascular hyphae up to 16.1 µm wide, branching, common, mostly? sublongitudinally arranged. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella edge tissue | sterile. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidiospores |
[80/3/2] (8.8-) 9.8 - 12.5 (-15.8) × (4.8-)
5.2 - 6.5 (-8.5) μm, (L = 10.6 - 11.7 μm;
L' = 11.1 μm; W = 5.6 - 6.3 μm;
W' = 5.8 μm; Q = (1.54-) 1.68 - 2.16 (-2.56);
Q = 1.80 - 1.98; Q' = 1.90), hyaline,
colorless, smooth, thin-walled, amyloid, elongate
to cylindric, infrequently ellipsoid, occasionally
constricted, sometimes with one end expanded,
??; apiculus
sublateral, cylindric, proportionately small;
contents granular to mono- to multiguttulate;
white in deposit. From original material of A. sangabrielensis: [60/3/1] (9.1-) 9.8 - 13.3 (-16.1) × (4.5-) 4.9 - 7.0 (-8.4) µm, (L = 11.5 - 11.9 µm; L’ = 11.6 µm; W = 5.2 - 5.8 µm; W’ = 5.6 µm; Q = (1.66-) 1.78 - 2.48 (-2.56); Q = 2.01 - 2.21; Q’ = 2.10), hyaline, thin-walled, colorless, ??, amyloid to weakly amyloid, elongate to cylindric, occasionally expanded at one end, occasionally constricted; apiculus sublateral, ??; contents ??; white in deposit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ecology | Solitary to scattered. Per Arora (1986), In moderately dense brush, by roads, in clearings and in other relatively open areas. In sand with Pinus or in sandy soil with some organic content of rather open brushy area with Pinus, Quercus, Castanopsis, and Arctostaphylos. Per Schwarz: At ca. 499 m elev. In sandy soil of woods dominated by Pinus, "possibly with some Quercus." Per Greg Wright: Subgregarious. At 1000 m elev. In Pinus plantation (short 2-needle, long 3-needle). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
material examined |
U.S.A.:
CALIFORNIA—Los Angeles Co. -
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
discussion |
At the present writing, there does not seem to be
any recorded close genetic relative to
A zayantensis. When nBLAST was used to
look for similar sequences deposited in GenBank, the
minimum genetic distance to another sequence was
reported as 4.6%— the most similar sequence of
A. magniverrucata [found: 23.xi.2020]. A NAMA foray collection in F (NAMA 2012-205) of which images were posted on Mushroomobserver (#189205) was proposed to belong to the present species. Good photos are included in the cited MO observation. The sequence (GenBank MK580666) derived from the above collection is a good match for the sequence derived from RET 459-2. While the spore sample size is rather small in both the material formerly called sangabrielensis and other collections of the present species that we have examined, we have separated the two spore sources and display the two data sets in the sporograph comparison above. [Note: It was pointed out by Jonathan Frank that the sequence we posted under the provisional name Amanita sangabrielensis was a very good match to MK580666.] It should be noted that the original material of sangabrielensis was described by Greg Wright as having a greenish or yellowish tint on much of the basidiome when collected. In the past on this site and in RET's keys and Mss., A. zayantensis has been called not only "A. baccata sensu Arora" and A. sangabrielensis," but also "A. sp-C3", A. sp-C16, and "A. sp-C33." | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Information to support the viewer in reading the content of "technical" tabs can be found here.
name | Amanita zayantensis |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | C. F. Schwarz et al. |
images | |
photo |
Christian Schwarz - (1) Bonny Doon Ecological Reserve,
Santa Cruz County, USA.
(RET 459-2) [Note: Original image is
available
here.—ed.]
Greg Wright - (2) San Gabriel Mountains, north of Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California, U.S.A. (RET 081-3) Ronald L. Pastorino - (3) Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park, Scotts Valley, Santa Cruz County, California, U.S.A. (RET 749-6) [Note: Original photographs may be found here.—ed.] |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.